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Because of entanglement, the power of quantum computers increases exponentially with the addition of each new qubit. Quantum computers have another advantage over traditional computers thanks to a principle of quantum mechanics known as ‘quantum entanglement’, which binds certain subatomic particles to one another when they are close together. For this to occur, quantum computers rely on superposition, a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics that states that some properties of subatomic particles are not known until they're observed. Instead, quantum computers translate data into qubits, which can be a one or a zero simultaneously – an impossibility for traditional computers that makes quantum computers exponentially faster. A single string of binary code, which represents just one piece of data, is known as a bit.

The resulting string, most often in the form of zeros and ones, is known as binary code. In order to perform their most basic operations, traditional computers convert every piece of data using the binary number system.